Introduction to vocal nodules:

Vocal nodules occur due to overtaxing and incorrect use of the voice.

Incidence and Aetiology of Vocal Nodules

• Age: Usually occur after puberty
• Sex: More common in females

Pathology of Vocal Nodules

• Vocal nodules usually occur on both cords at the junction of anterior and middle one third.
• In children and adolescents, the misuse of voice leads to spindle-shaped thickening at the edges of the vocal cords.
• In adults, the swellings are more localized forming vocal nodules.
• The epithelium over the edges of the vocal cords undergoes hyperkeratosis resulting in a disturbed mucosal wave.
• Microscopically, there is submucous transudation followed by ingrowth of vessels and fibrous organization.

What is the treatment of vocal nodules?

Medical treatment:

• Voice rest and Vocal hygiene
• Voice therapy
• Steam inhalation helps to reduce edema around vocal cords in cases of laryngitis

Surgical treatment:

This is the treatment of choice for well-formed vocal nodules

• Excision by Microlaryngoscopy
• Excision by Laser Microlaryngoscopy